Pirenópolis (often misspelled Pirinópolis) is a historic city in the state of Goiás, Brazil.
Pirenópolis (often misspelled Pirinópolis) is a historic city in the state of Goiás, Brazil.
Pirenópolis, like other historic cities in 18th-century Goiás, was founded by Bandeirantes from Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Portugal. Exploration for gold in the Serra dos Pirineus region began in 1728, one year after exploration began around the city of Goiás. Soon, Manoel Rodrigues Tomás, associated with Bandeirate Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (Anhanguera), founded some mines he called the Minas de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Meia-Ponte. With the production of gold, Pirenópolis became an important urban center, well known for its cotton production as well. It was the first center for goiana music, and had Goiana's most important newspaper during the 19th century.
When the gold ran out at the end of the 19th century, the city's population began to shrink. Many moved to the new capital at Goiânia, or to cities in the south of the state, like Jataí, Rio Verde, Itumbiara, and Catalão. With the construction of nearby Brasilia in 1960, the city again began to grow, and the government decided to turn the city into a tourist destination, preserving many old buildings and the historic center.
Pirenopolis is 107km from Goiania and 150km from Brasilia, the closest airports. Buses connect the city to those capitals and other neighboring cities.
Municipality in Centre-West, BrazilPirenópolisMunicipalityMunicipality of PirenópolisFesta do Divino Espirírito SantoSanta Maria WaterfallPonte do CarmoKnight of the Pirenópolis CavalcadesPirineus State ParkHistoric centerIgreja Matriz do Rosário FlagCoat of armsNicknames: Cradle of the Goiana Press, rare Jewel of the center-westLocation of PirenópolisCoordinates: 15°51′07″S 48°57′32″W / 15.85194°S 48.95889°W / -15.85194; -48.95889Country BrazilRegionCentre-WestState GoiásFounded7 October 1727Government • MayorNivaldo Antônio de MeloElevation770 m (2,530 ft)Population (2020 ) • Total25,064Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)Postal code72980-000HDI (2010)0.693 – mediumWebsitepirenopolis.go.gov.br Pirenópolis, also known as Piri, is a historic municipality located in the Brazilian state of Goiás. It is known for its waterfalls and Portuguese colonial architecture, and a popular festival involving mounted horses called Festa do Divino Espírito Santo which takes place 45 days after Easter. Pirenópolis is located 120 km from Goiânia, the state capital, and 150 km from Brasília, the federal capital.
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From Goiânia via Anápolis
From Brasilia Interestadual bus station: Viação Goianésia (tel. +61 3233 7891) has direct lines to Pirenópolis, or other lines that make a stop in Ceres. The 3-hour trip costs R$ 34 (Feb 2021). Just check the departure times on the app of Buscaonibus.
From Goiânia, take BR-060 to Anápolis, then BR-153 to Jaranápolis, and finally GO-431 into town.
From Brasilia, take BR-070 to Cocalzinho, then the secondary highway to Pirenópolis via Corumbá de Goiás.
The town is best seen on foot. You may wear good sturdy shoes, as the stone-lined streets can be a little rough.
Abade Waterfall, (Cachoeira do Abade), with a 22-meter drop.
Cavalhadas Museum (Museu das Cavalhadas), Rua Direita, nº 39. This museum focuses on the history of the cavalhadas festival, marking the historic struggle between Christians and Muslims.
Babilônia Farm (Fazenda Babilônia). Rodovia GO-431, km 3. Colonial-style farm where you can experience what 18th-century rural life was like.
Pompeu Family Museum (Museu da Família Pompeu), Rua Nova, nº 33. Constructed in the 19th century, the building now houses a museum of the city's history. .
Pirenópolis Theater (Teatro de Pirenópolis), Rua Comendador Joaquim Alves de Oliveira - Praça da Matriz. Constructed in 1899 and restored.
Cine Pireneus - Rua Direita, s/nº. This movie-house was built in neo-classical style in 1929, then reworked in art deco style in 1936. It is being restored.
Meeting Hall and Jail (Casa de Câmara e Cadeia), Rua Bernardo Sayão, s/nº. Constructed in 1919.
Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Rosário, Praça Manuel Jaime Lopes (Praça da Matriz). The oldest Catholic church in the state. It was built by African slaves in 1728 with funds gained through gold mining. In September 2002, it was partially destroyed by a fire. It has since been restored but the altar was lost. Another church, the Matriz dos Pretos, had fallen into ruins and nothing remained but the altar, so the church-less altar was united with the altar-less church here in 2005.
Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Alto do Carmo. Constructed by slaves in 1750, this baroque church holds many works rescued from other churches which were demolished.
Igreja de Nosso Senhor do Bonfim, Rua do Bonfim, s/nº. Built by slaves between 1750 and 1755, it contains an image of Christ on the cross which was brought here from Porto Seguro, Bahia by almost 300 slaves.
Cavalhadas. Owing to the high percentage of Spanish and Portuguese descendants in the area, the city's most famous festival centers around the fight to push the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula. Colorful costumes abound. Among other festival events is a recreation of a famous battle fought by Charlemagne. Yearly in June.
Cerrado Aventuras, ☏ +55 62 8579-9865. Has options for hiking through a forest preserve, rafting, rappeling, and forest canopy tours.
Regional ingredients and dishes: pequi, guariroba, empadão goiano (a traditional chicken pie) and pamonha (sweet corn cooked with milk and cheese).
1 Escritório da Esfiha, Av. Neco Mendonça, quadra 50 - lote 24. (updated Aug 2022)
2 Pamonharia Sousa e Empadão, Av. Pref. Sizenando Jaime, 24. (updated Aug 2022)
3 Restaurante Tudo Caseiro - Dona Lourdes, Av. Pref. Sizenando Jaime, N 36. (updated Aug 2022)
4 DOn Zé Pizzaria, R. 21 de Abril - Vila Anduzeiro. (updated Aug 2022)
5 Becos Lanches, Av. Benjamin Constant, 92. (updated Aug 2022)
6 Restaurante Empório do Cerrado, Rua do Rosário, 21, ☏ +55 62 3331-3874. Centro. Local and international dishes. (updated Aug 2022)
7 Garagem Comedoria, R. do Rosário Galeria, Vila dos Mouros, 07. (updated Aug 2022)
8 Rosário 26 Pub & Restaurante, R. Nossa Sra. do Rosário, 26. (updated Aug 2022)
9 Detalia Sabores Especiais - Trattoria, R. do Bonfim, N 63-A. Italian (updated Aug 2022)
Lá em Casa Restaurante, Av. Sizenando Jaime, 12, ☏ +55 62 3331-1918. Temporarily closed as of Sept 2022. A, Centro Histórico. Self-service restaurant serving typical Pirenopolin food.
NóisHospeda, Rua do Bonfim, 22, Centro, ☏ +55 62 3331-2578. Nice, simple hotel in the town center
Pousada Aconchego, Travessa Sizenando Jayme, 1013, Centro. Single, double and triple rooms with TV and fan. Swimming pool, children-sized, and barbecue coal grill (churrasqueira)
Hotel Quinta Santa Bárbara, Rua do Bonfim, 1 - Centro, ☏ +55 62 3331-1304. Rooms and cottages with air-con or fan, TV and WiFi. Sauna, pools, billiards table, big garden
O Casarão, Rua Direita, 79, Centro, ☏ +55 62 3331-2662. Rooms with air-con or ceiling fan, fridge, TV and WiFi
Pousada Templários, Rua Carajás, Quadra 10, Lote 1, Setor Meia Ponte, ☏ +55 62 3331-2519. 18 rooms with fan and TV, 8 with air-con, TV and WiFi
Pousada Rancho do Ralf, Rua Benjamin Constant, 17, Centro, ☏ +55 62 3331-1162. Suites with TV, fridge and hammocks outside. Some with air-con, some with ceiling fans. Pool and leisure room.
Hotel Quinta Santa Bárbara, ☏ +55 62 3331-1304, contato@hotelpousadapirenopolis.com. This hotel has suites with air conditioning/fan, TV and Internet. It also has facilities such as swimming pools, sauna and a large grove. Doubles R$ 145 - R$ 202.
Pousada Walkeriana, 37, Rua do Rosário (access also by 2, Praça do Rosário), ☏ +55 62 3331-1260, pousadawalkeriana@terra.com.br. This hotel, set up in an old colonial-style house, has antique furniture, an orchid garden and a swimming pool. Doubles R$ 100 - R$ 180.
Pousada dos Pireneus Resort, just outside town, ☏ +55 62 3331-1345, +55 62 3214-2070 (Goiânia), +55 62 2101-7818 (Brasília), fax: +55 62 3331-1028. 97 apartments, 6 master suites and 2 apartments adapted to wheelchair access. All apartments and suites have TV, hair dryer, air-con, telephone, digital safe, and Wi-fi. Suites have living room with TV and can house up to 6 persons. Swimming pools, water slides, sports complex, restaurants serving both world and local cuisine, meeting hall for 600 persons and 12 meeting rooms.
Brasília (124 km)
Caldas Novas (242 km)
Goiás City (142 km)
Cocalzinho (35 km)
Corumbá de Goiás (22 km)
Goiânia (105 km)
Jataí (419 km)
[edit] The history of Pirenópolis begins in 1727 when it was founded with the name of Minas de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Meia Ponte, Meia Ponte (half a bridge) because half of the bridge over the Almas River was swept away in a flood. The first colonizers were Portuguese who came for the gold easily found in the Rio das Almas. From 1750 to 1800 there was a golden age when four churches were built and Pirenópolis competed with Vila Boa (present day Cidade de Goiás) as the richest town in the province. After 1800 a downturn over gold mining was set and the part of the population emigrated. With the change of commercial routes to Anápolis, the city became economically isolated. The first newspaper in the province, the Matutina Meiapontense, was published in Meia Ponte in 1830 by Joaquim Alves de Oliveira. In 1890 the city changed its name from Meia Ponte to Pirenópolis, the city of the Pireneus, the mountains located nearby. In 1960 with the construction of Brasília there was an intensive exploitation of the famous Pedra de Pirenópolis (quartzite-micáceo). In the 1980s the hippies arrived with their alternative communities and production of handicrafts. Pirenópolis was born again with a huge influx of tourists, especially from Brasília. Churches were restored and all the electrical wiring was put underground.
[edit] Pyrenópolis (archaic orthography), later Pirenópolis , means in Greek “the City of the Pireneus”. Its name comes from the mountain range that surrounds the city, that is Mountain range of the Pireneus . According to local tradition, the mountain range received this name for having in the region immigrant Spaniards, probably Catalans. Because of some similarity with their native Pyrenees of Europe, a mountain chain situated between Spain and France, they had then given this mountain range the Latin name of Pireneus.
[edit] A church at Pirenópolis. Listed as an architectural, urbanistic, landscape and historical heritage for IPHAN - the Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage, in 1989, the city has a Historical Center with large, ornate houses and churches of the 18th century, such as: First Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (1728–1732), Churches of Our Lady of the Carmo (1750–1754) and the Church of Our Lord of the Bonfim (Pirenópolis) (1750–1754), and buildings such as the Theater of Pirenópolis, a hybrid style between colonial and neo-classic, of 1899, and the Cine-Pireneus, built in the art-deco style, of 1919 and the House of Chamber and Jail constructed in 1919 as an identical restoration of the 1733 original.
[edit] The climate is humid sub-tropical with two well-defined seasons: the rainy season, which goes from October to March, and the dry season, which goes from April to September. Parts of the municipality are mountainous and maintain some climatic variations due to altitude. Climate data for Pirenópolis (1991–2020) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.0(86.0) 30.4(86.7) 30.4(86.7) 30.9(87.6) 30.5(86.9) 30.1(86.2) 30.6(87.1) 32.5(90.5) 33.7(92.7) 32.9(91.2) 30.5(86.9) 30.0(86.0) 31.0(87.8) Daily mean °C (°F) 23.7(74.7) 23.6(74.5) 23.6(74.5) 23.4(74.1) 22.0(71.6) 20.9(69.6) 21.0(69.8) 23.1(73.6) 25.2(77.4) 25.1(77.2) 24.0(75.2) 23.8(74.8) 23.3(73.9) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.4(66.9) 19.3(66.7) 19.3(66.7) 18.5(65.3) 16.3(61.3) 14.6(58.3) 14.2(57.6) 15.8(60.4) 18.5(65.3) 19.4(66.9) 19.5(67.1) 19.6(67.3) 17.9(64.2) Average precipitation mm (inches) 281.7(11.09) 238.4(9.39) 254.7(10.03) 155.3(6.11) 28.5(1.12) 6.4(0.25) 1.8(0.07) 11.1(0.44) 37.0(1.46) 134.9(5.31) 239.8(9.44) 277.7(10.93) 1,667.3(65.64) Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 18.9 16.7 18.0 10.7 2.7 0.9 0.2 0.9 3.8 11.2 16.1 18.6 118.7 Average relative humidity (%) 79.5 79.8 80.2 76.1 69.1 62.9 54.6 45.9 48.3 63.1 76.0 79.1 67.9 Average dew point °C (°F) 20.3(68.5) 20.4(68.7) 20.5(68.9) 19.6(67.3) 17.1(62.8) 14.7(58.5) 12.7(54.9) 11.8(53.2) 13.9(57.0) 17.8(64.0) 19.9(67.8) 20.2(68.4) 17.4(63.3) Mean monthly sunshine hours 148.3 147.4 163.1 202.8 242.0 247.9 268.0 268.3 217.7 198.2 148.3 137.2 2,389.2 Source: NOAA
[edit] The economy is based on agriculture (coffee, citrus fruits, soybeans, and corn), cattle raising (130,000 head in 2006), services, public administration, and small transformation industries. There are several small food, clothing, and furniture industries. Agricultural data 2006 Farms: 1,765 Total area: 191,778 ha. Area of permanent crops: 1,920 ha. Area of perennial crops: 4,185 ha. Area of natural pasture: 125,908 ha. Area of woodland and forests: 52,775 ha. Persons dependent on farming: 4,300 Number of tractors: 177 Cattle herd: 144,700 IBGE
[edit] Higher education: Campus of the State University of Goiás Adult literacy rate: 84.4% (2000) (national average was 86.4%) Hospitals: 2 with 66 beds Infant mortality rate: 27.52 (2000) (national average was 33.0). Human Development Index: 0.713 State ranking: 191 (out of 242 municipalities) National ranking: 2,748 (out of 5,507 municipalities) Frigoletto
[edit] Major attractions include Igreja Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Meia Ponte, the oldest church in Goiás, and the church Igreja Nosso Senhor do Bonfim. It also has a hippie-like colony which markets clothing and silverwork. Festas de Cavalhadas. Today Pirenópolis is known all over Brazil for its popular festivals, especially the "Cavalhadas", introduced in 1826, in which horsemen representing Moors and Christians recreate a battle fought by Charlemagne. This tradition, part of the Festival for the Holy Spirit (Festa do Espírito Santo), was brought to the town by Portuguese settlers. The Festas de Cavalhadas feature a parade beginning with a bugle fanfare announcing the knight's pages, then the mounted knights displaying their colors. Wearing papier-maché helmets, the Christian knights wear blue, the Moors wear red. The battle lasts three days and attracts thousands of visitors to the town. The Cavalhadas take place in medieval costume, with the highlight being the mock battle, performed in the city's bullring. The Moors invariably are defeated and convert to Christianity. Cavalhadas The town has been restored artistically with its stone paved streets and colonial houses (casarões). The Almas River, a tributary of the Tocantins River which flows north to form the Serra da Mesa artificial lake, passes near the town and is crossed by a restored wooden bridge. There are an old theater, cinema, and a museum of the cavalhadas. The Waterfall Vargem Grande in Pirenópolis. The municipality contains part of the 2,833 hectares (7,000 acres) Pirineus State Park, created in 1987. Waterfalls are the primary tourist attraction for Pirenopolis and Corumbá. Around the town, in a distance of 15 km., there are more than twenty spectacular waterfalls with pristine water. Some of them are enormous such as the Salto de Corumba (which disappeared for decades when prospectors diverted the waters for dredging). Other waterfalls are formed by a series of cascades. Many are on private property and are operated as a business. Other falls can be found on hiking trails. One of the longest rivers in the state of Goiás, the Corumbá River has its source near Pirenópolis. A new attraction to Pirenopolis is the small ecovillage and permaculture design institute located a few kilometers outside of town called the IPEC or The Institute of Permaculture and Ecovillage of the Cerrado. Bringing in foreign students through study abroad programs such as Living Routes, visitors get a first-hand account of the possibilities of sustainable living. Waterfalls[edit] Waterfall Santa Maria, inside Vargem Grande farm. Abade waterfall Rosário waterfall