Logroño

[edit] Origin of the name[edit] The origin of this toponym is, as for many other places, unknown. The name Lucronio was first used in a document from 965 where García Sánchez I of Pamplona donated the place so named to the Monastery of San Millán. In the Fuero of Logroño from 1095 it appeared under the name Logronio, except once when it was called illo Gronio. The most broadly accepted theses seem to be those which indicate it is a late latinization by prefixing the article "lo/illo" to the old toponym Gronio/Gronno, a word of Celtic origin which means the ford or the pass.[citation needed] It is believed that this name was due to the frequent use of this place to cross the Ebro river. Other historians have proposed alternative theories, such as a possible derivation from Lucus Brun or Lucus Beronius ("Sacred place in the Beronian forest"), but its etymology remains unknown. Titles[edit] John II of Castile granted it the title of "City" on 7 February 1431 in Palencia and ratified it on 20 February in Valladolid, thus it stopped being called "Village", despite there being no explicit justification of the reasons for that change. 20 July 1444 the same king added the titles of "Very noble", Spanish: Muy Noble, and "Very loyal", Spanish: Muy Leal, which up until today appear in the seal of the city. In this case, the reason was the loyalty of the habitants against the homonymous king John II of Aragon, because despite the «long war, and wounds and deaths, and robberies, and fires, and damages and oppressions», the city remained loyal to the service of the king of Castile. On 5 July 1523, the king Francis I granted it the three fleurs-de-lis for the shield of the city for its resistance during the French siege in 1521. It also received by Royal Decree the title of "Excellence" 6 December 1854 from Isabella II, as a reward for its behavior during the cholera epidemic which devastated the city.

[edit] Logroño is located in the northern region of La Rioja, on the river Ebro, 384 metres (1,260 feet) above sea level. The Camino de Santiago passes through the city. The geographical coordinates of the city are: 42° 27′ N, 2° 29′ W. The city lies 152 km (94 mi) from Bilbao, 172 km (107 mi) from Zaragoza, 336 km (209 mi) from Madrid and 468 km (291 mi) from Barcelona.

[edit] Logroño was an old settlement, first of the Romans, under the name of Vareia, a commercial port that was founded near an older city of the Berones.[circular reference] From the 10th century, possession of Logroño was disputed between the kings of Navarre and those of Castile; the region was finally annexed to Castile. Alfonso VI of Castile granted Logroño in 1095 a charter of rights that served as a model for other Spanish cities. In 1609 and 1610 Logroño was the main seat of the Basque witch trials, part of the Spanish Inquisition. Famous people from Logroño include Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Fausto Elhúyar, Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Rafael Azcona, Ramón Castroviejo, Pedro J. Ramírez, Navarrete "El Mudo".

[edit] List of mayors since the democratic elections of 1979 Term Mayor Political party 1979–1983 Miguel Ángel Marín UCD 1983–1987 Manuel Sainz Ochoa PSOE 1987–1991 Manuel Sainz Ochoa PSOE 1991–1995 Manuel Sainz Ochoa PSOE 1995–1999 José Luis Bermejo PP 1999–2003 Julio Revuelta PP 2003–2007 Julio Revuelta PP 2007–2011 Tomás Santos PSOE 2011–2015 Cuca Gamarra PP 2015–2019 Cuca Gamarra PP 2019–2023 Pablo Hermoso de Mendoza PSOE 2023– Conrado Escobar PP

[edit] Logroño is the shopping and financial capital of La Rioja. Its economy is heavily reliant on wine, the most popular of which is Rioja D.O. Logroño is twinned with Dunfermline, Darmstadt, Libourne, Dax, Rancagua, Ciudad de La Rioja, Brescia, El Hagounia. The airport Logroño-Agoncillo connects the city with Madrid.

[edit] There are over 50 taperías (tapas restaurants) located within a four-block area near the town center. The traditional tapas restaurants often serve only one tapa [such as seta (mushroom), served as pincho – pintxo in Basque – meaning one serving, or media ración ("half portion"), a small plate of tapas, but offer the Rioja D.O.

[edit] The weather in Logroño – mostly due to its peculiar location, both in terms of distance to the Atlantic coast and in the situation along the course of the Ebro river, is characterized by values ranging from those typically found in temperate oceanic climates to the warmer and drier ones observed in southeastern mediterranean regions of the river's valley. However, the weather station has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) with subtropical influences. The average annual temperature is 13.9 °C (57 °F). Although infrequent, unusually low temperatures during the winter can drop to −5 °C (23 °F) or even lower, while daily high averages may exceptionally exceed the mark of 38 °C (100 °F) in a particularly hot summer. The average annual precipitation is about 400 mm (15.75 in), regularly spread over the whole year: from 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) in drier periods to the 45–50 mm (1.77–1.97 in) range in the rainiest. The winds that affect the city are as follows: the northerly Cierzo, the southerly Ábrego, the easterly Solano, and the westerly Castellano. Intermediate winds are the northeasterly Navarrico, the northwesterly Regañón, the southwesterly Burgalés and the southeasterly Soriano.[citation needed] Climate data for Logroño (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1948) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 19.3(66.7) 23.1(73.6) 28.8(83.8) 31.2(88.2) 39.8(103.6) 42.2(108.0) 42.8(109.0) 40.8(105.4) 39.0(102.2) 31.4(88.5) 27.4(81.3) 21.4(70.5) 42.8(109.0) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.4(50.7) 12.2(54.0) 16.3(61.3) 18.6(65.5) 22.8(73.0) 27.5(81.5) 30.4(86.7) 30.5(86.9) 25.9(78.6) 20.5(68.9) 14.0(57.2) 10.4(50.7) 20.0(68.0) Daily mean °C (°F) 6.4(43.5) 7.3(45.1) 10.5(50.9) 12.5(54.5) 16.3(61.3) 20.6(69.1) 23.1(73.6) 23.1(73.6) 19.4(66.9) 14.9(58.8) 9.7(49.5) 6.7(44.1) 14.2(57.6) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.3(36.1) 2.4(36.3) 4.6(40.3) 6.5(43.7) 9.9(49.8) 13.6(56.5) 15.7(60.3) 15.8(60.4) 12.8(55.0) 9.3(48.7) 5.4(41.7) 2.9(37.2) 8.5(47.3) Record low °C (°F) −11.6(11.1) −9.6(14.7) −8.8(16.2) −3.6(25.5) 0.6(33.1) 4.8(40.6) 7.2(45.0) 6.2(43.2) 3.0(37.4) −1.2(29.8) −8.2(17.2) −11.6(11.1) −11.6(11.1) Average precipitation mm (inches) 36.8(1.45) 31.3(1.23) 37.3(1.47) 44.6(1.76) 45.8(1.80) 45.3(1.78) 32.1(1.26) 20.4(0.80) 31.0(1.22) 37.8(1.49) 48.3(1.90) 37.3(1.47) 448(17.63) Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6.9 5.9 6.1 7.2 7.6 5.6 3.7 3.4 4.4 6.7 7.7 6.7 71.9 Mean monthly sunshine hours 109 137 198 209 240 281 321 298 232 172 112 97 2,406 Source: Météo Climat Climate data for Logroño (1981–2010 normals) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 19.3(66.7) 23.0(73.4) 27.6(81.7) 31.2(88.2) 37.6(99.7) 42.2(108.0) 42.8(109.0) 40.6(105.1) 39.0(102.2) 31.4(88.5) 27.4(81.3) 21.4(70.5) 42.8(109.0) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.9(49.8) 12.0(53.6) 15.9(60.6) 17.8(64.0) 22.0(71.6) 26.9(80.4) 30.1(86.2) 29.8(85.6) 25.8(78.4) 20.1(68.2) 13.8(56.8) 10.2(50.4) 19.5(67.1) Daily mean °C (°F) 5.9(42.6) 7.2(45.0) 10.2(50.4) 12.0(53.6) 15.9(60.6) 20.1(68.2) 22.8(73.0) 22.7(72.9) 19.3(66.7) 14.7(58.5) 9.5(49.1) 6.5(43.7) 13.9(57.0) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.0(35.6) 2.4(36.3) 4.6(40.3) 6.3(43.3) 9.7(49.5) 13.3(55.9) 15.6(60.1) 15.6(60.1) 12.9(55.2) 9.2(48.6) 5.3(41.5) 2.8(37.0) 8.3(46.9) Record low °C (°F) −11.6(11.1) −9.6(14.7) −8.8(16.2) −3.6(25.5) 0.6(33.1) 4.8(40.6) 7.2(45.0) 6.2(43.2) 3.0(37.4) −1.2(29.8) −8.2(17.2) −11.6(11.1) −11.6(11.1) Average precipitation mm (inches) 28(1.1) 23(0.9) 26(1.0) 46(1.8) 47(1.9) 44(1.7) 30(1.2) 21(0.8) 26(1.0) 37(1.5) 40(1.6) 38(1.5) 405(15.9) Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 5.6 5.1 4.7 7.4 8.0 5.2 3.7 3.4 3.9 6.5 6.7 6.5 66.7 Average snowy days 1.5 1.4 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.9 4.6 Average relative humidity (%) 78 72 65 64 62 57 55 58 64 72 77 80 67 Mean monthly sunshine hours 105 133 189 198 225 270 312 285 220 164 113 93 2,305 Source: AEMET

[edit] Façade of Parliament of La Rioja in Logroño. Con-Catedral de Santa María de la Redonda Iglesia (Church) de San Bartolomé Iglesia de Santiago Iglesia de Palacio Museo de La Rioja Parlamento de La Rioja, an old factory of the tabacalera, the national tobacco company. Muralla del Revellín Fuente (Fountain) de los Riojanos Ilustres, in which royal figures with a connection to either Logroño or La Rioja are represented in bronze. Because the figures are placed looking towards the public and so large torrents of water pour down behind them, the fountain is commonly known as the one with "wet backs". Santa María de Palacio Church. Bridge of Mantible, in the El Cortijo district. Constructed during the Roman era and declared Bien de Interés Cultural in the Monument category on January 25, 1983. Theatre of Bretón de los Herreros

[edit] Paseo del Príncipe de Vergara (El Espolón): Located in the financial center of the capital and positioned in the center by the statue of General Espartero. Plaza del Ayuntamiento: Located on the Avenue of Peace, the modern Town Hall of Logroño, designed by architect Rafael Moneo, is in a large plaza where in years past it has seen numerous public acts, festivals, expositions, concerts, and in the last few years, during Christmas, a life-size reconstruction of the nativity scene. Parque del Carmen: Located near the bus station, this park has a variety of flora and fauna including several ducks and birds.[citation needed] One of the Palaces of Espolón. Plaza del Mercado: Located somewhere near Calle Portales, one of the most famous avenues of the city, at the foot of the Round Cathedral. This is where the nightly festivals of Logroño occur, near Calle Mayor (Marqués de San Nicolas Street). Parque del Ebro: Located near the Ebro, an extensive park full of vegetation ideal for relaxing. Also has a bike path traversing through the park. Parque de la Ribera: Next to Parque del Ebro, recently constructed. Here many gardens are found alongside the Plaza de Toros de la Ribera. Also: Riojaforum. Palacio de Congresos y Auditorio de La Rioja Parque de San Miguel Parque del Ebro.

[edit] Calle del Laurel, known as "the path of the elephants" and Calle San Juan are typical streets where various restaurants and tapas bars offer some of the best pinchos and tapas in northern Spain. Calle Portales is the main street in the old town, where people like to walk and sit in the terraces to eat a meal or drink wine. Calle Marqués de San Nicolás (otherwise known as Calle Mayor) is the main area where people spend weekend nights.

[edit] Southwest of Logroño, at 42°26'34"N 2°30'43"W, a medium wave broadcasting station with a transmission power of 25 kW is operated and maintained by RTVE. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2010)

[edit] CB Ciudad de Logroño - handball-Liga ASOBAL Club Voleibol Logroño - volleyball-Superliga Femenina EdF Logroño - women's football-Primera División UD Logroñés - football-Primera Federación SD Logroñés - football-Primera Federación Yagüe CF - football-Tercera Federación

[edit] Arch of Saint Barnabas. The patron saint of Logroño is Santa María de la Esperanza. The most important festivals are: San Bernabé (Saint Barnabas), celebrated on June 11, commemorating the victory and resistance of Logroño against French invaders under Francis I that besieged the city in May and June 1521. During this celebration, fried trout is typically served by the Fish Brotherhood, along with bread and wine, allegedly the only foodstuffs available in Logroño during the siege. San Mateo, celebrated between September 20 and September 26. Since 2006 the celebrations start the Saturday before September 21 (the day of Saint Matthew) and last for a week. During the first week of January there is a cultural festival known as "ACTUAL" with music, theater and art.

[edit] See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain Twin towns and sister cities[edit] Logroño is twinned with: Brescia, Italy Darmstadt, Germany (since 2002) Dax, France (since 1960) Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. (since 1990) El Hagounia, Western Sahara (since 1991) Libourne, France (since 1979) Rancagua, Chile (since 1992) Ciudad de La Rioja, Argentina (since 1992) Logroño is associated with: Vichy, France (since 1965) Wilhelmshaven, Germany (since 1990)

[edit] The city is served by the Logroño railway station and by the Logroño–Agoncillo Airport which has flights to Madrid and Palma De Mallorca on Iberia and Vueling.

[edit] In the 4th season of the HBO television series True Blood, the witch Antonia is from Logroño. She refers to herself as Antonia Galván de Logroño. In the Netflix original series Money Heist, where members of the band of bank robbers use cities as codenames, their accomplice Benjamín Martínez is jokingly given the codename 'Logroño'.

[edit] Some notable people from Logroño are: Lola Rodríguez Aragón, (1910–1984) soprano and entrepreneur Dani Aranzubia, (1979–) former football player Maria de Arburu, (died in Logrono, 1610) as an alleged witch Rodrigo de Arriaga, (1592–1667) philosopher, theologian and Jesuit Rafael Azcona, (1926–2008) screenwriter and novelist Soledad Bravo, (1943–) Venezuelan singer of Spanish origin Carlota Castrejana, triple-jumper Ramón Castroviejo, (1904–1987) eye surgeon Carlos Coloma Nicolás, (1981–) cross-country mountain biker Fausto Elhuyar, (1755–1833) and Juan José Elhuyar (1754–1796) chemists and discoverers of tungsten Baldomero Espartero, (1793–1879) general and liberal politician Alberto Garzón, (1985–) economist and politician of United Left María Teresa León, (1903–1988) writer of the Generation of '27 Gaspar Llamazares, (1957–) doctor and politician of Izquierda Abierta David Lopez Moreno, footballer Cosme García Sáez, (1818–1874) engineer, first to invent a submersible Manuel Jalón Corominas, (1925–2011) engineer and inventor Alfonso Navarrete, (1571-1617), missionary, social worker and Dominican Juan Fernández Navarrete, (1526–1579), Manner Pau Quemada, (1983–) field hockey playerist painter Julio Rey Pastor, (1888–1962) mathematician Pedro J. Ramírez, (1952–) journalist and editor of "El Español" Eduardo Sáenz de Cabezón, (1972–) mathematician and science communicator Pablo Sáinz Villegas, (1977–) classical guitarist Pepe Viyuela, (1963–) actor and comedian Martín Zurbano, (1788–1845) liberal military figure

[edit] Roman ruins in Varea, near Logroño. This old village was known as "Vareia". Monumento del Fuero de Logroño, given by Alfonso VI in 1095, near the Town Hall Arch of Revellín Wall Science "House" Universidad de La Rioja