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Fermont
Overview
Fermont (; French pronunciation: [fɛʁmɔ̃]) is a mining city in Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada, near the Quebec-Labrador border about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Labrador City on Route 389, which connects to the Trans-Labrador Highway (Newfoundland and Labrador Route 500). It is the seat of the Regional County Municipality of Caniapiscau.
The city is located about 565 km (351 mi) from Baie-Comeau, about 867 km (539 mi) from Saguenay, and about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Quebec City.
Fermont (French contraction of "Fer Mont", meaning "Iron Mountain") was founded as a company town in the early 1970s to exploit rich iron ore deposits from Mont Wright, which is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the west.
The town is notable for the huge self-contained structure containing apartments, stores, schools, bars, a hotel, restaurants, a supermarket and swimming pool; the large building shelters a community of smaller apartment buildings and homes on its leeward side. Popularly known as The Wall (Le Mur), the structure was designed to be a windscreen to the rest of the town. It permits residents (other than mine workers) to never leave the building during the long winter, which usually lasts about seven months. The town, designed by Maurice Desnoyers and Norbert Schoenauer, was inspired by similar projects in Sweden designed by Ralph Erskine, notably that of Svappavaara, an iron mining town in Sweden. The building measures 1.3 kilometres (4,300 ft) long and stands 15 metres (49 ft) high.
Facts
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Source
WBP almanac
External sources
Media
From Wikipedia1,380 words
WBP editorial3
Living in the 'wall' – architecture as climate response
Fermont’s most distinctive feature is the massive concrete barrier that fronts the town, a literal shield against the sub‑arctic wind. While guidebooks note its size, they rarely explain how the structure shapes daily life. The wall houses shops, schools and apartments, creating an indoor street where residents can run errands without exposing themselves to temperatures that often plunge below −10°C. For visitors, timing a stroll along the sheltered promenade during the brief summer daylight gives a rare glimpse of the community’s self‑contained rhythm, and highlights how the built environment functions as both protection and social hub.
Beyond the mine – exploring the surrounding wilderness
Most narratives focus on Fermont’s iron‑ore operations, yet the surrounding Côte‑Nord landscape offers a stark, rewarding contrast. The nearby Caniapiscau River, though remote, provides quiet canoe routes where the water mirrors the endless sky. In late autumn, the river’s floodplain becomes a migration corridor for waterfowl, an opportunity for patient birdwatchers. For the adventurous, a day‑trip to the unmarked trails that skirt the open‑pit pit reveals geological layers exposed by mining, offering a tangible lesson in earth processes that textbooks seldom convey.